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This was determination indeed: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 214.

485 “The passage of the Potomac”: Heros von Borcke, Memoirs of the Confederate War of Independence (Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1866), Vol. I, 255.

CHAPTER 9 Glory—Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville

488 “Yes, my son”: Robert E. Lee Jr., Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1924), 77–98.

489 Lee had advised his wife: Mary P. Coulling, The Lee Girls (Winston-Salem, N.C.: Blair, 1987), 105.

489 Lee, like many another parent: Ibid., 106.

489 “At the usual hour”: Walter H. Taylor, Four Years with General Lee (New York: Appleton, 1878), 76.

490 “He was the father of a tenderly-loved daughter”: Ibid., 76–77.

490 He ended on a bleaker note: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 79–80.

490 “Perfect and true are all His ways”: Ibid., 80–81.

490 Lee finally gave his army two months: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1934), Vol. 2, 415.

491 “Will you pardon me”: Stephen W. Sears, George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1988), 334.

492 In this he was perfectly right: Ibid., 340.

492 “[Burnside] is as sorry”: Ibid., 341.

493 He intended to “give up”: J. F. C. Fuller, Grant and Lee: A Study in Personality and Generalship (New York: Scribner, 1933), 170.

493 Lincoln, who was by now: Ibid., 170.

496 When Lee arrived at Fredericksburg: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 433.

497 Anxious to prevent the slaughter: Ibid., 434.

498 Forced to wait patiently: Ibid., 442.

498 “These people delight to destroy”: Ibid., 446.

499 heavy fog concealed: Ibid., 452.

499 The morning of December 13: Walter Herron Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 1861–1865 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), 146.

499 “No doubt every heart”: Ibid., 150–51.

500 Without smiling, Jackson mounted: Gilbert Moxley Sorrel, Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer (New York: Neale, 1905), 128.

500 “as if the ready war god”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 456.

501 “The people [of Wilmington]”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXI (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1888), 1061.

501 On the left: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 458.

502 “It is well that war”: Ibid., 462.

502 “General, they are massing”: Jeffrey Wert, General James Longstreet: The Confederacy’s Most Controversial Soldier (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993), 221.

502 “A series of braver”: James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1960), 265.

503 “About 9 a.m.”: War of the Rebellion: Formal Reports, Both Union and Confederate, The First Seizures of United States Property in the Southern States (Washington, D.C.: U.S. War Department, 1985), Vol. 53, 523.

503 “naked and discolored”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 470.

503 “Our commander-in-chief”: J. F. C. Fuller, Grant and Lee, 173.

504 “It was not a battle”: Patrick Hook and Steve Smith, The Stonewall Brigade (Minneapolis, Minn.: Zenith, 2008), 65.

504 “If there is a worse place”: Wikipedia, “Battle of Fredericksburg,” 14.

504 His headquarters: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 85.

505 “one fourth pound of bacon”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXV, Part II (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1889), 730, quoted in Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 494.

505 “his pleadings”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 124.

505 “My thoughts revert”: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 87.

506 “My heart bleeds”: Ibid., 89.

506 “As regards the liberation of the people”: Ibid., 90.

506 “[The snow] was nearly”: Ibid., 93.

507 “the doctors tapping me”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 503.

509 “My plans are perfect”: Edwin C. Bearss, Fields of Honor (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2006), 124.

509 there was no way to openly deploy: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 185.

510 He then added to his difficulties: Ibid., 186.

510 “The enemy in our front”: The Rebellion Record, Frank Moore, ed. (New York: Van Nostrand, 1867), Vol. 10, 254.

511 “The retrograde movement”: Curt Anders, Henry Halleck’s War: A Fresh Look at Lincoln’s Controversial General-in-Chief (copyright Curt Anders, 1999), 422.

512 Just then Lee’s nephew Fitzhugh: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 520.

513 “to hold Hooker’s 72,000”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 187.

513 Stuart, as good as his word: Sears, George B. McClellan, 129.

514 They located a recent logging trail: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 522–23.

514 One of his staff: James Robertson, Stonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend (New York: Macmillan, 1997), 712.

514 Jackson had unbuckled his sword: Ibid., 913.

514 “I have but to show him my design”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 524.

516 Jackson, to his relief: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 719.

516 “exploded out of the woods”: Wikipedia, “Battle of Chancellorsville,” 13.

516 “Position after position”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXV, Part I (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1889), 798.

516 “that we should all strip”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 173.

517 “a calamity of the first order”: Ibid., 189.

517 Lee himself spent May 2: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 531.

517 “moaned audibly”: Ibid., 533.

518 “with utmost vigor”: War of the Rebellion, Series I, Vol. XXV, Part I, 769.

518 “I know all about it”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 535.

519 “Lee’s presence”: Henry Alexander White, Robert E. Lee (New York: Greenwood, 1969), 273.

519 Dazed and humiliated: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 191.

520 “My God!”: Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 498.

CHAPTER 10 Gettysburg—“If We Do Not Whip Him, He Will Whip Us”

525 Longstreet was sufficiently opposed: James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press,